This experiment is the most famous failed experiment and is generally considered to be the first strong evidence against the existence of the luminiferous ether
This experiment is used to understand the process of production of an electromotive force transversely in an electrical conductor in varying magnetic field
it can be used to study any sort of two-dimensional phenomenon where friction is an unwanted effect, a simple example being the elastic collision of two pucks.
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the moment of inertia of a complex object and determine the necessary effort to change the state of motion of the object.